Level matching

Introduction

Hybrid studios combining analog and digital equipment require precise level matching to avoid clipping and distortion. Differences in level standards between analog and digital audio can be challenging but are manageable with the right knowledge and tools.

Key Level Standards

• Analog (dBu/dBV): Measured in RMS. Standards: +4 dBu (professional studio level) and -10 dBV (consumer level). +4 dBu is 12 dB higher than -10 dBV.

• Digital (dBFS): Measured on a fixed scale with 0 dBFS as the maximum level. Exceeding 0 dBFS causes clipping.

Differences between dBu and dBFS

Analog and digital levels cannot be directly compared, as dBu represents RMS values while dBFS indicates peak levels. Conversion requires a defined reference point.

Reference Levels in the MX Modular

The sound card of the MX Modular is designed to provide the best signal to noise ratio and sound quality 

These options ensure optimal performance and sufficient headroom.

Practical Example with the 501

An RME UFX+ interface connected to an xfilter analog equalizer demonstrates proper level matching. By setting output reference levels to +4 dBu and input levels to Lo Gain, ample headroom is maintained for safe EQ adjustments.

Conclusion

Understanding analog and digital level standards, combined with adjustable reference levels, ensures seamless integration and optimal audio quality in hybrid setups.